New environmental legislation and companies’ self-imposed sustainability obligations have contributed to a marked increase in environmental awareness. This is especially so when it comes to the emission of hazardous substances and environmental pollution. Many industries are, therefore, taking steps to reduce or prevent these dangerous emissions. SICK Automation’s innovative in-situ gas analyser, GM32, helps reduce emissions in DeNOx plants.
The analyser measures nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ammonia (NH3) and sulphur dioxide (SO2), as well as pressure and temperature, directly inside the plant’s process gas stream. The analyser unit is equipped with a gas permeable probe, which is positioned inside the duct. The direct measurement enabled from this location facilitates a short response time, leading to fast measuring results.
The analyser is ideal for use with selective catalytic reduction (SCR) and selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR), two of the accepted measures used to reduce NOx emissions.
Cement industry case study
To comply with local emission regulations, HeidelbergCement Group in southwestern Germany invested in an SCR plant to supplement its existing SNCR solution.
The main difference between the two technologies is the use of a catalyst. The SNCR is installed in the riser duct or calciner of the rotary kiln at temperature ranges of 900°C to 1000°C. The SCR, on the other hand, consists of a specific number of catalyst layers that operate at approximate temperatures of 300°C to 350°C. They can be placed in the high-dust raw gas stream or before the main stack in the low-dust gas stream.
The device would be placed at the SCR inlet between the ammonia water injection nozzles and the catalyst. The advantages of having the measuring location at the inlet is simultaneously measuring the NH3 and NO entering the SCR and, in this instance, NO from the combustion process can also be measured. To achieve sufficient SCR control, the analyser had to meet two requirements. It needed to have fast response times for efficient control of the ammonia water injection, and have extended maintenance-free intervals because of the challenging conditions in which it operates.
HeidelbergCement Group contacted SICK for a solution and the GM32, designed to cope with high dust, high temperatures and vibrations, was selected as the ideal solution. It was agreed that the analyser would be installed for a 12-month test period from March 2019 to March 2020.
The gas analyser and filter installed required checking, cleaning and maintenance only every nine to twelve months. Stack movements are possible due to higher temperatures and temperature fluctuations at the measuring station, and are compensated for with the analyser’s auto alignment correction. This continuously aligns the light beam during operation to ensure stable, reliable measurement.
Compared to other measuring systems that require frequent test gas calibrations, the integrated filters for zero and span check automatically compensate drifts and ensure a correct and accurate measurement. This means less frequent test gas calibration and lower operational expenditure. Using the SICK Meeting Point Router remote service, onsite tests were conducted and a large amount of additional process data was collected and evaluated.
The test period proved that the analyser has a stable reaction time of less than 20 seconds without the need for cleaning or maintenance. The results show that with a delay of 2 to 17 minutes (depending on the measuring component) a continuous emission monitoring system alone is not sufficient for DeNOx process control.
The 12-month test was successful and, subsequently, another HeidelbergCement plant in Germany equipped its DeNOx system with two GM32 analysers for SCR control. The two devices were commissioned in June 2020.
How the GM32 works
Using the wavelength-specific light absorption by the gas mixture on the active measuring path, the sender/receiver unit determines the concentration of the gas components present. UV light sent from the sender/receiver unit passes the active measuring path of the GPP probe and is reflected by a triple reflector at the end of the probe.
The permeable filter element – the heart of the gas permeable probe – keeps all dust outside of the measuring path, while the gas permeates quickly through the pores, ensuring the required fast response time. The GM32 uses the DOAS (differential optical absorption spectroscopy) principle, where the absorption lines of specific gases in a particular wavelength range are evaluated.
With its GM32 in-situ gas analyser, SICK Automation has proven that companies in the cement industry can maintain a clean environment, effectively supporting climate protection.
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