There are many methods of practical temperature measurement in use. Some of these have been developed for particular applications while others may simply have become outmoded. This article describes two main types of temperature sensors currently available. These are thermocouples and resistance thermometers. Sensors employing these techniques can be provided to fulfil most temperature measurement requirements.
Thermocouples of different types can cover the range -250 to 2000°C and beyond, while resistance thermometers can be highly accurate. An important characteristic of both methods is that the output is in the form of an electrical signal which can be readily transmitted, switched, displayed, recorded and further processed using suitable data handling equipment.
2. Thermocouple thermometry
Section 2 of this article is concerned with thermocouple thermometry. It begins with the basic principles involved, the components of the practical thermocouple and goes on to measurement methods, including the averaging of a number of thermocouples. Finally, the considerations that are involved when higher accuracy is being sought with thermocouple measurements are discussed.
3. Resistance thermometry
Section 3 relates to the techniques associated with resistance thermometry including the basic principles, the various types of sensors, resistance measurement methods, self heating effects, etc.
4. Considerations
Section 4 covers some of the temperature measurement considerations that are common both to thermocouple and resistance thermometry. They include the need to link the sensor to the region of interest, response characteristics and stagnation effects.
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