Transmission photometers: determining the moisture content in brake fluid
July 2008Analytical Instrumentation & Environmental Monitoring
The chemical composition of modern brake fluids are of such a nature that small amounts of moisture (less than 0,2%) do not adversely affect functionality. However, these fluids are hygroscopic and therefore absorb atmospheric moisture easily. This additional contamination then lowers the boiling point to a level where vapour can form during normal operation resulting in overall braking degradation. Additionally, electrochemical reactions make the brake fluid acidic leading to corrosion and ultimate failure. Preventative measures should therefore be implemented during the motor vehicle life-cycle, as follows:
* The moisture content of the brake fluid must be determined when the system is filled initially.
* Periodic testing should be conducted to determine any abnormal increase.
* The system should be completely flushed every two years. (Refills should preferably be conducted such that the new fluid is not exposed to the atmosphere).
To this end, mobile in-line transmission photometers offer an edge over traditional laboratory methods by eliminating the need for sampling. During filling this prevents unnecessary exposure to the atmosphere and reduces the contamination risk.
The technology is based on the characteristics of infrared (IR) absorption by water. When illuminated by IR radiation, in an appropriate test pipe, the fluid under scrutiny absorbs energy in proportion to its moisture content. This causes a spectral shift that can be compared to a reference, and the deviation is an indication of the current level of contamination.
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