Motion Control & Drives


Strain wave gearheads for precision and compact design

November 2025 Motion Control & Drives

Strain wave gearheads from maxon are a specialised type of gearhead where precision and compact design are crucial. This type of gearhead is often used in applications in a confined space. With their advanced gear tooth design, maxon’s strain wave gearheads provide high efficiency and good back drivability. Typical applications include robotics, aerospace, medical technology and optical systems.

They offer several advantages over conventional gearheads, and are unmatched in highly precise and demanding applications:

• High precision: They enable precise motion control and positioning. This is extremely important in robotics and medical technology, where any deviation from the target position can have fatal consequences.

• Zero backlash: They are inherently backlash-free, as the flexspline continuously meshes with the circular spline. As a result, exact positioning requirements can be met.

• High reduction ratio: The special tooth design enables a significant reduction ratio within a compact design. This is achieved by means of the flexible wave structure and precisely tuned gear components that ensure efficient power transmission, even in the smallest of spaces.

• High torsional rigidity: The design ensures high torsional rigidity. This means the gearhead does not yield under load, and transmits motion without delay or deformation.

• Large hollow shaft: In combination with a suitable motor, they can be designed with a large hollow shaft. This allows media and cables to be fed through the drive unit. This is an extremely important aspect in applications in robotics and medical technology.

• High efficiency: The special design results in minimal friction losses. This leads to greater efficiency and an extended service life of the components.

• Backdrivability: Due to low friction losses, maxon strain wave gearheads can be backdriven. This allows a robotic arm to be manually moved when the system is powered off.

• High repeatability: They provide outstanding repeatability due to their zero backlash, high torsional rigidity and minimal hysteresis. These characteristics ensure precise and consistent motion, even under varying loads.

• Compact design: Despite their high precision and performance, strain wave gearheads are extremely compact. They provide a high transmission ratio in a short build length, making them ideal for applications with space constraints.

• High torque density: The proven strain wave gearhead technology and optimal system integration enable maximum torque transmission and high peak loads.

• High dynamics: The low mass inertia of strain wave gearheads and their high torsional rigidity enable dynamic movements with exceptional accuracy and reliability.

• Low noise level: The continuous meshing of the elliptical flexspline and its wave-like motion result in smooth and quiet operation.

• Reliability and durability: The components of a strain wave gearhead are built to withstand extreme loads and achieve a long service life. This reduces maintenance requirements and downtime in industrial applications.

Functional principle of a strain wave gearhead

A strain wave gearhead makes use of the principle of elastic deformation and the flexibility of the flexspline component. The centerpiece of the strain wave gearhead is the wave generator, an elliptical shaft. This shaft deforms the flexspline, a thin-walled flexible ring that meshes with a rigid outer ring (circular spline). This deformation generates radial motion that is converted into rotational motion.

The circular spline is a rigid, cylindrical ring with inner toothing. It remains stationary and is typically attached to the gearhead housing. The engagement with the flexspline converts elliptical motion into rotary motion.

Strain wave gearheads are used across a wide range of industries and applications. Their unique properties make them ideal for use in the following areas:

• Robotics: In robotics, precision, compact design and weight play a critical role. Strain wave gearheads provide the perfect solution for controlling joints and axes, especially in industrial cobots.

• Test and measurement technology: The high demands in test and measurement technology leave no room for errors. Reliability and high precision are key criteria for strain wave gearheads.

• Medical technology: In medical equipment, such as surgical robots and MRI systems, precise motion control is essential. Strain wave gearheads enable precise positioning, which is crucial for the safety and success of medical procedures.

• Aerospace industry: In aerospace applications, reliability and weight are critical factors. Strain wave gearheads provide the required precision while being compact, lightweight and durable. This makes them ideal for use in satellites and space probes.


Credit(s)



Share this article:
Share via emailShare via LinkedInPrint this page

Further reading:

Smarter motor technology for high-performance industrial automation
Adroit Technologies Motion Control & Drives
Adroit Technologies is bringing Mitsubishi Electric’s EM-A series permanent magnet motors to Africa, offering servo-like speed and position control at a lower cost by combining patented sensorless control with the FR-E800 inverter to eliminate encoders while achieving IE5 efficiency.

Read more...
A smarter approach to simplifying motion architecture
Motion Control & Drives
n motion system design, the wiring and drive placement between motor and drive are often decided by default, yet they shape a machine’s cost, footprint and adaptability. Kollmorgen sets out how single-cable and decentralised architectures simplify the cabinet.

Read more...
Robotic case packer achieves 99% uptime
Rockwell Automation Motion Control & Drives
DCC Automation designed a new robotic case packer for a nutrition supplement manufacturer using delta robots and a unified Rockwell Automation control platform, cutting changeover time from 45 minutes to 5 minutes, and achieving 99 to 99,5% uptime against the previous 10% per-shift downtime.

Read more...
igus puts 3D-printed wear materials to the test
igus Motion Control & Drives
A new igus white paper compares its tribological iglidur 3D-printing materials directly with conventional POM, reporting lower wear, more stable friction and up to ten times longer service life in gear testing for customised, low-volume and replacement components.

Read more...
SEW-EURODRIVE’s expanded local engineering capability
SEW-EURODRIVE Editor's Choice Motion Control & Drives
At Electra Mining Africa, SEW-EURODRIVE demonstrated how its expanded local engineering capability, digital technologies and lifecycle support strategy help customers improve reliability, energy efficiency and total cost of ownership across the full life of their drive assets.

Read more...
Latest Danfoss automation drive
Bearing Man Group t/a BMG Motion Control & Drives
BMG has launched the Danfoss iC7-Automation enclosed variable speed drive range in South Africa, backed by significant local stockholding of 400 V models up to 710 kW, approved warranty workshops, and DrivePro digital asset management support.

Read more...
Severe-duty workhorses powering mining
Motion Control & Drives
Mining machines such as rock crushers, pumps and conveyors need motors that combine high torque with robust enclosures, seals and cooling. WEG Africa explains how severe-duty motors deliver more than a decade of reliable performance in harsh conditions while meeting modern energy-efficiency standards.

Read more...
Looking beyond the spec sheet when choosing motion architecture
Motion Control & Drives
When machine builders focus only on torque, speed and price, engineering time, integration effort and long-term maintainability get overlooked. Kollmorgen explains how thinking at the system level, not the component level, leads to better motion architecture choices.

Read more...
Economy drive system closes the drive gap in the entry-level segment
Beckhoff Automation Editor's Choice Motion Control & Drives
Beckhoff has launched an economy drive system pairing its new AX1000 servo drive and AM1000 servomotor with the AF1000 dual-axis variable frequency drive on a shared EtherCAT platform, targeting series machines and price-sensitive markets without sacrificing TwinCAT integration or functional safety.

Read more...
SEW-EURODRIVE showcases modernisation and lifecycle support at Electra Mining Africa 2026
SEW-EURODRIVE Motion Control & Drives
At Electra Mining Africa 2026, SEW-EURODRIVE showed how it has expanded beyond equipment supply into integrated engineering solutions, plant modernisation and long-term lifecycle support for mining and industrial operators across Africa.

Read more...









While every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the information contained herein, the publisher and its agents cannot be held responsible for any errors contained, or any loss incurred as a result. Articles published do not necessarily reflect the views of the publishers. The editor reserves the right to alter or cut copy. Articles submitted are deemed to have been cleared for publication. Advertisements and company contact details are published as provided by the advertiser. Technews Publishing (Pty) Ltd cannot be held responsible for the accuracy or veracity of supplied material.




© Technews Publishing (Pty) Ltd | All Rights Reserved