Valves, the actuators that move them, and the electronic circuits that control them, are all subject to ageing after they are installed. Valve seats wear from repeated seating and from the liquid or gas that passes through them. A valve may be stroked up to tens of thousands of times a year, which causes screws to reposition, springs to weaken and mechanical linkage to loosen. Electronic components change value over time. All of that can produce valves that don’t fully open or close prematurely. This ‘calibration drift’ can result in improper regulation of the gas or liquid under the valve’s control.
To keep valves operating properly, it is necessary to check the valve positioners periodically. However, these checks need to be conducted quickly to minimise downtime. If calibration drift is found, the valve positioner must also be recalibrated immediately. A good tool for this is a handheld field tester like the Fluke 789 ProcessMeter, which can be used to both test and recalibrate electronic valve positioners. It offers signal sourcing to simulate a controller connected to a valve positioner’s input and can continuously adjust the source current in incremental steps to check the valve’s linearity and response time.
The basic steps for checking a normally closed valve using a 789 ProcessMeter
1. Set up the ProcessMeter in sourcing mode using the appropriate range of current for the positioner.
2. Insert the source current test leads into the mA output jacks.
3. Select the 4-20 mA range by moving the function switch from Off to the first mA output position.
4. Connect the meter mA output to the input terminals of the valve positioner.
5. To determine if the positioner is fully closed, adjust the source current to 4.0 mA using the push button. The valve should be closed.
6. While watching the valve for any movement, press the Coarse Down button once to decrease the current to 3.9 mA. There should be no movement of the valve.
7. In setting the point at which the valve starts to open, make sure there is no counter pressure by the actuator against the force holding the valve closed when there is 4,0 mA on the controller’s input. In a spring-to-close valve, there should be no pressure on the diaphragm. With a double acting piston actuator, there should be no pressure on one side of the piston.
8. To check the opening of the valve, press the Coarse Range Up button from 4,0 mA. Each press of the Coarse Range Up button will increase the current 0,1 mA.
9. To check the valve at the fully open position, adjust the source current to 20 mA using the range buttons and allow the valve to stabilise. While watching or feeling for valve movement, press the Coarse Range Up button once to 20,1 mA. The valve movement should be as small as possible and can be adjusted using the span adjustment on the positioner.
10. Using the coarse control, adjust current up and down between 20,1 mA and 19,9 mA. There should be no movement of the valve stem from 20,1 to 20 mA and slight movement from 20 mA and 19,9 mA.
11. In most valves, there is an interaction between the zero and span settings of a valve controller, so it is best to ensure proper valve position adjustment by repeating the test of the fully closed and fully open positions until no further adjustment is necessary.
12. For valves with linear action, linearity can be checked by setting the ProcessMeter to 4 mA and using the % Step button to step the current to 12 mA (50%) and confirm the valve position indicator is at 50% travel. If the valve is a non-linear type, refer to the valve manual for proper operation.
13. To check for smooth valve operation, turn the rotary switch to output mA and select Slow Linear Ramp. Let the meter ramp the mA signal through several cycles while watching for any abnormal operation of the valve. The valve should not oscillate or hunt at any of the step positions of the Slow Ramp. The valve also should not be sluggish. Set the gain of the valve controller to a point that gives the best response between these two conditions.
For more information contact Comtest, +27 (0)10 595 1821, [email protected], www.comtest.co.za
| Tel: | +27 10 595 1824 |
| Email: | [email protected] |
| www: | www.comtest.co.za |
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